HSRP-677
International law obliges states to prevent and punish genocide and holds rulers, officials and private persons to account; the prohibition admits no derogation
Proof page — generated from the HSRP research notes register. Where a block has no data, it says so.
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1. Header
2. The claim, in full
International law obliges states to prevent and punish genocide and holds rulers, officials and private persons to account; the prohibition admits no derogation
Cited on: /sovereign-citizens. Entered 2026-10-18 by the SOVEREIGN CITIZENS block, tag NEW-SC64 (brief item AH64). THE PAGE'S OWN GRADE LINE READS: "ESTABLISHED in international law". The 2007 judgment PDF was not reached; paras 430–431 are read as quoted in Judge Cleveland's declaration on the ICJ's site (VERIFIED for those clauses) and on EJIL:Talk! (full sentences, PROBABLE). USHMM's timeline gives 5 Nov 1988 for ratification; the UN depositary record governs (25 Nov 1988).
3. What it rests on
-
Genocide Convention, art. I: "The Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish." [SRC-1262]
Sources: SRC-1262 -
Art. IV: "Persons committing genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in article III shall be punished, whether they are constitutionally responsible rulers, public officials or private individuals." [SRC-1262]
Sources: SRC-1262 -
ICJ (2007), para 431, as quoted by Judge Cleveland: a State's obligation to prevent and its duty to act "arise at the instant that the State learns of, or should normally have learned of, the existence of a serious risk that genocide will be committed" [SRC-1264]
Sources: SRC-1264 -
ICJ (2006), para 64: "a norm having such a character, which is assuredly the case with regard to the prohibition of genocide" [SRC-1266]
Sources: SRC-1266 -
VCLT, art. 53: "a peremptory norm of general international law is a norm accepted and recognized by the international community of States as a whole as a norm from which no derogation is permitted" [SRC-1267]
Sources: SRC-1267 -
18 U.S.C. §1091; United States ratification 25 November 1988 [SRC-1262] [SRC-1263]
No confidence intervals are recorded for any figure in this block.
4. Sources
-
SRC-1262 · PRIORITY · Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, United Nations Treaty Series vol. 78, p. 277 — United Nations (1948)
Pinpoint: not recorded · Access: Access status not recordedEntered 2026-10-18 by the SOVEREIGN CITIZENS block, from source entry S166. CITATION as the block gives it (S166): Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Paris, 9 December 1948; in force 12 January 1951), United Nations Treaty Series vol. 78, p. 277, arts. I and IV; United Nations depositary record (Multilateral Treaties, ch. IV.1): United States, signature 11 December 1948, ratification 25 November 1988. READ AT: https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1951/01/19510112%2008-12%20PM/Ch_IV_1p.pdf ; https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/MTDSG/Volume%20I/Chapter%20IV/IV-1.fr.pdf SCOPE PAGE + H; PRIMARY. The USHMM timeline gives 5 November 1988; the depositary record governs.
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SRC-1263 · PRIORITY · 18 U.S.C. section 1091 (Genocide), added by the Genocide Convention Implementation Act of 1987 (the Proxmire Act), Pub. L. 100-606 — United States Code (1988)
Pinpoint: not recorded · Access: Access status not recordedEntered 2026-10-18 by the SOVEREIGN CITIZENS block, from source entry S167. CITATION as the block gives it (S167): 18 U.S.C. §1091 (Genocide), added by the Genocide Convention Implementation Act of 1987 (the Proxmire Act), Pub. L. 100-606, §2(a), Nov. 4, 1988, 102 Stat. 3045. READ AT: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2020-title18/html/USCODE-2020-title18-partI-chap50A-sec1091.htm SCOPE PAGE + H; PRIMARY.
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SRC-1264 · PRIORITY · Declaration of Judge Cleveland, Order of 30 April 2024, Nicaragua v. Germany (ICJ case 193) — International Court of Justice (Declaration of Judge Cleveland) (2024)
Pinpoint: not recorded · Access: Access status not recordedEntered 2026-10-18 by the SOVEREIGN CITIZENS block, from source entry S168. SPLIT from source entry S168 (two separate publications, both quoted). CITATION as the block gives it (S168): Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2007, p. 43, paras 430–431 (para 431 at p. 222), as quoted in the Declaration of Judge Cleveland, Order of 30 April 2024, Nicaragua v. Germany (ICJ case 193). READ AT: https://www.icj-cij.org/index.php/node/203994 ; https://www.ejiltalk.org/symposium-on-the-genocide-conventionis-the-duty-to-prevent-genocide-an-obligation-of-result-or-an-obligation-of-conduct-according-to-the-icj/ SCOPE PAGE + H; PRIMARY for the clauses on the court's site; SECONDARY for the full sentences. The judgment itself was not reached. ELEMENT(S) OMITTED AS UNCONFIRMED (I08): full case name to confirm.
-
SRC-1265 · PRIORITY · Symposium on the Genocide Convention: Is the Duty to Prevent Genocide an Obligation of Result or an Obligation of Conduct according to the ICJ? — Longobardo, Marco (EJIL:Talk!) (2019)
Pinpoint: not recorded · Access: Access status not recordedEntered 2026-10-18 by the SOVEREIGN CITIZENS block, from source entry S168. SPLIT from source entry S168 (two separate publications, both quoted). CITATION as the block gives it (S168): Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2007, p. 43, paras 430–431 (para 431 at p. 222), as quoted in the Declaration of Judge Cleveland, Order of 30 April 2024, Nicaragua v. Germany (ICJ case 193). READ AT: https://www.icj-cij.org/index.php/node/203994 ; https://www.ejiltalk.org/symposium-on-the-genocide-conventionis-the-duty-to-prevent-genocide-an-obligation-of-result-or-an-obligation-of-conduct-according-to-the-icj/ SCOPE PAGE + H; PRIMARY for the clauses on the court's site; SECONDARY for the full sentences. The judgment itself was not reached. ELEMENT(S) OMITTED AS UNCONFIRMED (I08): full case name to confirm.
-
SRC-1266 · PRIORITY · Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (New Application: 2002) (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Rwanda), Jurisdiction and Admissibility, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2006, p. 6 — International Court of Justice (2006)
Pinpoint: not recorded · Access: Access status not recordedEntered 2026-10-18 by the SOVEREIGN CITIZENS block, from source entry S169. CITATION as the block gives it (S169): Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (New Application: 2002) (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Rwanda), Jurisdiction and Admissibility, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2006, p. 6, para 64 (p. 32). READ AT: https://api.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/126/126-20060203-JUD-01-00-EN.pdf SCOPE PAGE + H; PRIMARY.
-
SRC-1267 · PRIORITY · Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, United Nations Treaty Series vol. 1155 — United Nations (1969)
Pinpoint: not recorded · Access: Access status not recordedEntered 2026-10-18 by the SOVEREIGN CITIZENS block, from source entry S170. CITATION as the block gives it (S170): Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969), art. 53, United Nations Treaty Series vol. 1155, p. 344. READ AT: https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%201155/volume-1155-i-18232-english.pdf SCOPE PAGE + H; PRIMARY.
5. Counter-evidence
-
ICJ (2007), para 430, as quoted in a scholarly blog: "the obligation in question is one of conduct and not one of result, in the sense that a State cannot be under an obligation to succeed, whatever the circumstances, in preventing the commission of genocide" [SRC-1265]
Sources: SRC-1265
6. Why this grade
ESTABLISHED in international law
The register defines ESTABLISHED as: Supported directly by primary texts or published findings.
7. Correction history
No correction events are recorded. The entry's status is ACTIVE: no later entry amends, supersedes or withdraws it.
8. Related observations
No related observations are linked in the register.
9. Where this appears on the site
Content pages that cite this observation inline:
- Sovereign Citizens“International law obliges states to prevent and punish genocide and holds rulers, officials and private persons to account; the prohibition admits no derogation — ESTABLISHED in international law”
Pages citing a source this observation rests on: /sovereign-citizens.
10. Open questions
Not yet recorded for this observation.
11. Machine block
The register record this page was generated from, with the derived fields added:
{
"grade": "ESTABLISHED",
"status": "ACTIVE",
"category": "LAW",
"title": "International law obliges states to prevent and punish genocide and holds rulers, officials and private persons to account; the prohibition admits no derogation",
"entry_form": "full",
"note": "Cited on: /sovereign-citizens. Entered 2026-10-18 by the SOVEREIGN CITIZENS block, tag NEW-SC64 (brief item AH64). THE PAGE'S OWN GRADE LINE READS: \"ESTABLISHED in international law\". The 2007 judgment PDF was not reached; paras 430–431 are read as quoted in Judge Cleveland's declaration on the ICJ's site (VERIFIED for those clauses) and on EJIL:Talk! (full sentences, PROBABLE). USHMM's timeline gives 5 Nov 1988 for ratification; the UN depositary record governs (25 Nov 1988).",
"n": 677,
"ref": "HSRP-677",
"cited_by": [
"SRC-1262",
"SRC-1263",
"SRC-1264",
"SRC-1265",
"SRC-1266",
"SRC-1267"
],
"related": [],
"category_name": "Natural Law",
"supplement": "029",
"entered": "2026-10-18",
"evidence": [
{
"statement": "Genocide Convention, art. I: \"The Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish.\" [SRC-1262]",
"sources": [
"SRC-1262"
]
},
{
"statement": "Art. IV: \"Persons committing genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in article III shall be punished, whether they are constitutionally responsible rulers, public officials or private individuals.\" [SRC-1262]",
"sources": [
"SRC-1262"
]
},
{
"statement": "ICJ (2007), para 431, as quoted by Judge Cleveland: a State's obligation to prevent and its duty to act \"arise at the instant that the State learns of, or should normally have learned of, the existence of a serious risk that genocide will be committed\" [SRC-1264]",
"sources": [
"SRC-1264"
]
},
{
"statement": "ICJ (2006), para 64: \"a norm having such a character, which is assuredly the case with regard to the prohibition of genocide\" [SRC-1266]",
"sources": [
"SRC-1266"
]
},
{
"statement": "VCLT, art. 53: \"a peremptory norm of general international law is a norm accepted and recognized by the international community of States as a whole as a norm from which no derogation is permitted\" [SRC-1267]",
"sources": [
"SRC-1267"
]
},
{
"statement": "18 U.S.C. §1091; United States ratification 25 November 1988 [SRC-1262] [SRC-1263]",
"sources": [
"SRC-1262",
"SRC-1263"
]
}
],
"grade_rationale": "ESTABLISHED in international law",
"counter_evidence": [
{
"statement": "ICJ (2007), para 430, as quoted in a scholarly blog: \"the obligation in question is one of conduct and not one of result, in the sense that a State cannot be under an obligation to succeed, whatever the circumstances, in preventing the commission of genocide\" [SRC-1265]",
"sources": [
"SRC-1265"
]
}
],
"appearances": [
"/sovereign-citizens"
],
"missing_fields": [
"revised",
"intervals",
"pinpoint for SRC-1262",
"pinpoint for SRC-1263",
"pinpoint for SRC-1264",
"pinpoint for SRC-1265",
"pinpoint for SRC-1266",
"pinpoint for SRC-1267",
"history",
"related",
"open_questions"
]
}Generated from hsrp-research-notes.json (register generated 2026-11-08). Nothing on this page is written by hand. 11 fields not yet recorded.